Work and Employment¶
The work and employment modules provide information on diverse employment-related topics including the respondent’s first job, further training, changes in working conditions following parenthood, part-time work, and unemployment. Modules cover not only objective information such as working hours but also subjective perceptions of working conditions and feelings about work.

Questionnaire |
Module |
Years |
Variables |
---|---|---|---|
Jobs and money, Employment Form |
[2000-2023] |
||
Jobs and money, Job Search |
[2006-2023] |
||
Jobs and money, Own Earnings |
[2000-2023] |
||
Jobs and money, Paid Work |
[2006-2023] |
||
Jobs and money, Savings |
[2000-2023], [2002-2023], [2000-2023] |
||
Jobs and money, Unemployment |
[2006-2023] |
||
Average Weekly Hours |
[2022-2023] |
||
Care period (Pflegezeit) |
[2011-2023], [2011-2014,2020-2023], [2015-2019] |
||
Change of job |
[1985-2023], [1985-1993], [2001-2020] |
||
Change of job, Early Retirement |
[2011-2023] |
||
Change of job, Interruption due to Children |
[2010-2023] |
||
Change of job, Month Change in Company |
[1985-1993] |
||
Change of job, Month First Job |
[1985-1993] |
||
Change of job, Month Position taken up |
[1994-2023] |
||
Change of job, Month Self Employed |
[1985-1993] |
||
Change of job, Month Taken Over |
[1991-1993] |
||
Change of job, Month Work resumed |
[1985-1993] |
||
Change of job, Month new Employer |
[1985-1993] |
||
Change of job, Number of Changes |
[2012-2023], [2022-2023], [2012-2023] |
||
Change of job, Start Current Position non-response |
[2004-2020] |
||
Change of job, Start new Position |
[1994-2023] |
||
Change of job, Type of Change |
[1994-2023], [1994-2004], [2005-2023] |
||
Changes in workplace tools / technologies |
[2015-2018] |
||
Changes in workplace tools / technologies, Influnces |
[2015-2018] |
||
Commuter Module, Distance |
(irregular) [1985-2023] |
||
Commuter Module, Frequency |
[2015,2017,2019,2021] |
||
Commuter Module, No Cummute |
[1985,1990], [1993,1995,1997-1999], (irregular) [2000-2023] |
||
Commuter Module, Second Residence |
[2015,2017,2019,2021] |
||
Commuter Module, Time |
[2015,2017,2019,2021,2023] |
||
Contract to Provide Specific Services (Werkvertrag) |
[2013,2015] |
||
Contractual working hours, Actual working hours |
[1984-2023], [1984-1990], [1990-2019] |
||
Contractual working hours, Desired working hours |
[1985-1995,1997-2023], [1985-1995,1997-1999,2016], [2000-2015,2017-2023] |
||
Contractual working hours, Not fixed |
[1984-1986,1990-2023], [1987-1989] |
||
Contractual working hours, Working days |
(irregular) [1990-2023] |
||
Current job, Civil Servant |
[1984-2023] |
||
Current job, Civil Service |
[1984-2023], [2016-2019] |
||
Current job, Employment Agency |
[2001-2023], [2001-2020], [2021-2023] |
||
Current job, Fixed-Term Employment |
[1985-2023], [1985-1999], [2000-2005], [2006-2023] |
||
Current job, Industrial Worker |
[1984-2023] |
||
Current job, Month current Position |
[1984-1988,1990-1993,1996-2023] |
||
Current job, Number of Employees |
[1984-1990], [1990], [1991-1998], [1999-2004], [2005-2015] |
||
Current job, Number of Employees Self Employed |
[1984-2023], [2022-2023] |
||
Current job, Occupational Status |
[2014-2023], [2019,2021] |
||
Current job, Salaried employees |
[1984-1990], [1991-2018] |
||
Current job, Self Employed |
[1984-2023], [2022-2023] |
plb0057_h1, plb0057_v1, plb0057_v2, plb0057_v3, plb0057_v4, plb0057_v5, plb0057_v6, plb0057_v7, plb0057_v9 |
|
Current job, Trainee/Intern |
[1984-1999], [1990] |
||
Current job, Working at current Employer |
[1984-1988,1990-2023], [1984-1988,1990-1998], [1999-2023] |
||
Digitalisation in the workplace |
[2021] |
plb0646i01, plb0647i02, plb0648i03, plb0649i04, plb0650i05, plb0651i06, plb0652i07, plb0653i08, plb0671i01, plb0672i02, plb0673i03, plb0674i04, plb0675i05, plb0676i06, plb0677i07, plb0678i08, plb0685i01, plb0686i10, plb0687i11, plb0688i12, plb0689i02, plb0690i03, plb0691i04, plb0692i05, plb0693i06, plb0694i07, plb0695i08, plb0696i09 |
|
Employment / education calendar, Full-Time Employment |
[1984], [1985-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Further Education |
[2000-2020], [2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Homemaker |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, In School |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Maternity Leave |
[1991-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Military/Civil Service |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Mini-Job |
[2005-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Other |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Part-Time Employment |
[1985-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Retired |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Short-Time Work |
[1992-1995,2010-2014,2017-2018] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Unemployed |
[1984-2020] |
||
Employment / education calendar, Vocational Training |
[2020] |
||
Employment status |
[1984-2023], [1984], [1985-1990], [1990], [1991-1995], [1996-1998], [1999], [2000-2001], [2002-2015], [2016-2020] |
plb0022_h, plb0022_v1, plb0022_v2, plb0022_v3, plb0022_v4, plb0022_v5, plb0022_v6, plb0022_v7, plb0022_v8, plb0022_v9 |
|
Employment, October 2014 |
[2015] |
||
Entitlement to paid breaks |
[2015-2018] |
||
Evening and weekend work, Evening |
[1990], (irregular) [1995-2023], [2012], [2013] |
||
Evening and weekend work, Night |
[1990], (irregular) [1995-2023], [2012], [2013] |
||
Evening and weekend work, Saturday |
(irregular) [2005-2023] |
||
Evening and weekend work, Sunday |
(irregular) [2005-2023] |
||
Financial compensation for overtime |
(irregular) [1984-2022], [1984-1986,1988-1995], [1996], [1997-2014,2018,2020,2022] |
||
Gross / net income, October 2014 |
[2015] |
||
Income from Internet activities |
[2020] |
plb0698, plb0699i01, plb0700i02, plb0701i03, plb0705, plb0706i01, plb0707i02, plb0708i03, plb0709i01, plb0710i02, plb0711i03, plb0712, plb0713i01, plb0714i02, plb0715i03, plb0716i01, plb0717i02, plb0718i03 |
|
Industry sector, occupational classification |
[2013-2023], [1990-1993], [1999-2023] |
p_isco08, p_nace, plb0072_v1, plb0072_v2, plb0072_v3, plb0073_h, plb0073_v1, plb0073_v2, plb0073_v3, plb0073_v4, plb0073_v5 |
|
Job search |
[1985-2023] |
||
Job search, Active Search |
[1989-2023] |
||
Job search, Applied on Speculation |
[1989-1998] |
||
Job search, Friends / Acquaintances |
[1985-1998], [1985-1988] |
||
Job search, Job Centre |
[1985-1998] |
||
Job search, Learn about current Position |
[1999-2002], [2003-2013], [2014], [2015-2023] |
||
Job search, Newspaper |
[1985-1998] |
||
Job search, Offer within Company |
[1985-1988] |
||
Job search, Other |
[1989-1998] |
||
Job search, Private Agent |
[1995-1998] |
||
Job search, Self Employed |
[1985-1998] |
||
Job search, motives |
(irregular) [1994-2017] |
||
Job search, preferences |
(irregular) [1994-2017] |
||
Labor Market Experience |
[2022] |
||
Labor intensity |
[2015], [2016-2018], [2015-2018] |
||
Leaving a job |
[1985-2023], [1985-2000,2021-2023], [2001-2020] |
||
Leaving a job, Abandonment of own business |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Closure of operations |
[1991-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Compensation |
[1991-2023], [1991-2001], [2002-2023] |
||
Leaving a job, Early Retirement |
[1987-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, End Fixed-Term Contract |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, End Vocational Training |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Exempted |
[1991-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Month |
[1985-2023] |
||
Leaving a job, Months Worked |
[1985-2023] |
||
Leaving a job, Mutually agreed dissolution |
[1985-1990] |
||
Leaving a job, Non-response |
[2004-2020] |
||
Leaving a job, Other |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Own Resignation |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Perspective after Leaving |
[1999], [2000-2023] |
||
Leaving a job, Retirement |
[1991-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Termination by Employer |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Transfer |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Transfer at own request |
[1985-1998] |
||
Leaving a job, Type of Leaving |
[1985-2023], [1999-2000], [2001-2023] |
||
Leaving a job, Years Worked |
[1985-2023] |
||
Maternity / parental leave |
[1999-2000], [2001-2023] |
||
Occupational expectations, non-employed |
(irregular) [1999-2022] |
||
Overtime, October 2014 |
[2015] |
||
Paid breaks, October 2014 |
[2015] |
||
Paid breaks, October 2015 |
[2015] |
||
Paid breaks, October 2016 |
[2015] |
||
Paid breaks, October 2017 |
[2015] |
||
Performance evaluation by superior |
[2004,2008,2011,2016] |
||
Professional expectations |
[1985,1987,1989-1994,1996,1998] |
plb0432_v1, plb0433_v1, plb0434_v1, plb0435_v1, plb0436_v1, plb0437_v1, plb0438_v1, plb0439_v1, plb0440_v1, plb0441_v1, plb0442_v1 |
|
Professional expectations, next two years |
(irregular) [1999-2023] |
plb0432_v2, plb0433_v2, plb0434_v2, plb0435_v2, plb0436_v2, plb0437_v2, plb0438_v2, plb0439_v2, plb0440_v2, plb0441_v2, plb0442_v2 |
|
Registered unemployed |
[1985-2023] |
||
Self-employment, reasons |
[2010,2015] |
||
Short-time compensation (Kurzarbeitergeld) |
(irregular) [1984-2023], [1984-2001,2003-2005], [2010-2011,2021-2023], [1984], (irregular) [1985-2023] |
||
Side jobs |
[1998-2007], [1998] |
||
Side jobs, Agriculture |
[1999-2007] |
||
Side jobs, Construction |
[1999-2007] |
||
Side jobs, Days |
[1985-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Gross Income |
[1995-2016], [1995-2001], [2002-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Helping Family Members out |
[1986-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Hours per Month |
[1985-2014] |
||
Side jobs, Hours per Week |
[2015-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Industrial Sector |
[1999-2007] |
||
Side jobs, Iregual |
[1985-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Months |
[2000-2013] |
||
Side jobs, Occupational Classification ISCO08 |
[2013-2016] |
p_isco08_sidejob, p_isco08_sidejob1, p_isco08_sidejob2, p_isco08_sidejob3 |
|
Side jobs, Occupational Classification ISCO88 |
[1991-2016] |
p_isco88_sidejob, p_isco88_sidejob1, p_isco88_sidejob2, p_isco88_sidejob3 |
|
Side jobs, Other |
[1985-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Regular |
[1985-2016] |
||
Side jobs, Service Sector |
[1999-2007] |
||
Standby duty |
[2011,2014-2019,2021,2023] |
||
Start of working hours |
(irregular) [2002-2019] |
||
Starting a new job, Acceptable Position |
[1984-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Active Job Search |
[1994-1998], [1999-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Desired Employment Type |
[1984-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Expected Minimum Income |
[1987-1989,1992-1994,1996-2001], [2002-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Intention |
[1984-1993], [1994-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Non-response Salary |
[1987-1989,1992-1994,1996-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Number of Hours |
[2007-2023] |
||
Starting a new job, Suitable Job |
[1987-2022], [1987-2002], [2003-2022] |
||
Starting a new job, Timing |
[1984-2023] |
||
Supervisory position |
(irregular) [2007-2023], [2007,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017] |
||
Use of professional skills in job |
[1985-2007,2009] |
||
Vacation entitlement, Carried over Vaccation |
[2005,2010] |
||
Vacation entitlement, Contracted Days |
[2000,2005,2010] |
||
Vacation entitlement, Days on Vaccation |
[1985-1990,2000,2005,2010] |
||
Vacation entitlement, Expired Vaccation |
[2005,2010] |
||
Vacation entitlement, Not specified |
[2005,2010] |
||
Work council (Betriebsrat) |
[2001,2006,2011,2016,2019,2022] |
||
Work from home |
[1997,1999,2002,2009-2014,2020], (irregular) [1997-2020], [2012], [2013] |
plb0095_v1, plb0095_v2, plb0095_v3, plb0095_v4, plb0095_v5, plb0096_v1, plb0096_v2, plb0096_v3 |
|
Work from home, Possibility |
[1997,1999,2009-2014,2021-2023] |
||
Work from home, Possibility in Contract |
[2020-2023] |
||
Work in black economy |
[2015-2016], [2015] |
||
Work time regulations |
(irregular) [2003-2023] |
||
Work, last 7 days |
[1999-2023] |
||
Working hours, October 2014 |
[2015] |
||
Working overtime |
[1997-2022], [2022-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Compensation Period |
[2002-2023], [2020-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Compensation period |
[2002-2023], [2002-2017,2021-2023], [2018-2020] |
||
Working overtime, Financial Compensation |
[2015-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Hours Last Month |
[1986,1988-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Last Month |
[1986,1988-2023], [1986,1988-1996], [1997-2001], [2002-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Paid Hours Last Month |
[2001-2023] |
||
Working overtime, Time taken off |
[2013-2023] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Career Prospects |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Interruptions |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Job at risk |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Poor Career Prospects |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Poor Working Conditions |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Problems Sleeping |
[2006,2011-2012,2016,2021] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Recognition by Superiors |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Recognition for Performance |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Sacrifices for Career |
[2006,2011-2012,2016,2021] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Salary |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Thinking about Work |
[2006,2011-2012,2016,2021] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Time Pressure |
[2006,2011-2012,2016,2021] |
||
Workload (effort-reward imbalance), Work Volume |
[2006,2011-2012,2016] |
||
Jobs and money, First Job |
[2000-2022] |
||
Jobs and money, Reason for Working |
[2001-2022] |
||
Jobs and money, Savings |
[2000-2022], [2000-2001] |